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The Proper Accusative Case: The Direct Object

The Accusative case is the case of the direct object, indicating the person or thing directly affected by the verb's action (e.g., "I see him", "She reads a book"). Its forms depend on gender, number, and whether a masculine noun is animate (living) or inanimate (non-living).

• Nouns:

  • Singular Masculine Inanimate/Neuter: Same as Nominative (consonant/-o/-e/-я). (e.g., Я ба́чу стол - I see a table, Я ба́чу го́рад - I see a city, Я ба́чу акно́ - I see a window)
  • Singular Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive (-а). (e.g., Я ба́чу ба́цьку - I see a father, Я ба́чу чалаве́ка - I see a person)
  • Singular Feminine: ending -у. (e.g., Я ба́чу кнíгу - I see a book, Я ба́чу зямлю́ - I see the earth)
  • Plural Masculine Inanimate/Feminine/Neuter: Same as Nominative Plural (-ы/-і/-а/-я). (e.g., Я ба́чу сталы́ - I see tables, Я ба́чу кнíгі - I see books, Я ба́чу во́кны - I see windows)
  • Plural Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive Plural (-аў/-еў/-ёў). (e.g., Я ба́чу ба́цькаў - I see fathers, Я ба́чу людзе́й - I see people)

• Adjectives: Follow the rules of the noun they modify. Hard stem adjectives use hard endings, soft stem adjectives use soft endings.

  • Singular Masculine Inanimate/Neuter: Same as Nominative Singular (hard -ы/-ае, soft -і/-яе). (e.g., Я ба́чу стары́ дом - I see an old house, Я ба́чу сíняе мо́ра - I see a blue sea)
  • Singular Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive Singular (hard -ога, soft -яга). (e.g., Я ба́чу старо́га ба́цьку - I see an old father, Я ба́чу сíняга чалаве́ка - I see a blue person)
  • Singular Feminine: ending -у. (e.g., Я ба́чу но́вую кнíгу - I see a new book, Я ба́чу сíнюю жа́нчыну - I see a blue woman)
  • Plural Masculine Inanimate/Feminine/Neuter: Same as Nominative Plural (hard -ыя/-ія, soft -ія). (e.g., Я ба́чу стары́я дамы́ - I see old houses, Я ба́чу сíнія кнíгі - I see blue books)
  • Plural Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive Plural (hard -ых, soft -іх). (e.g., Я ба́чу стары́х ба́цькаў - I see old fathers, Я ба́чу сíніх людзе́й - I see blue people)

• Examples: Я чыта́ю ціка́вую кнíгу (I am reading an interesting book). Ён ба́чыць свайго́ ба́цьку (He sees his father). Мы купля́ем сíняе а́ўта (We are buying a blue car).