Basic Accusative and Locative (Singular Only)
Let's start with a simplified look at two more cases in the singular. The Accusative case often marks the direct object (koho or co receives the action). The Locative case (also called Místník) is used for location after prepositions like na (on) or v (in). For now, let's just see how simple singular nouns change (adjectives also change, but we'll keep it very basic here).
Accusative (Singular):
- Masculine Inanimate & Neuter: Look like the Nominative. (e.g., Vidím hrad - I see a castle, Vidím město - I see a city)
- Masculine Animate: Look like the Genitive (-a). (e.g., Vidím muže - I see a man)
- Feminine: End in -u. (e.g., Vidím ženu - I see a woman, Vidím knihu - I see a book)
Locative (Místník) with 'na/v' (Singular):
- Masculine/Neuter: Ends in -ě or -u. (e.g., na stole - on a table, v městě - in a city, na poli - in a field)
- Feminine: Ends in -e or -i. (e.g., na řece - on a river, v zemi - in the earth)
Examples: Čtu knihu (I am reading a book). Sedíme na stole (We are sitting on a table).