The Proper Locative Case: Location and Topic
The Locative case (Místník) specifies location ('in', 'on', 'at') or the topic of discussion ('about'). It is unique because it is always used with a preposition, such as v/ve (in), na (on), or o (about).
Nouns:
- Singular Masculine/Neuter: Ending -ě or -u. (e.g., v domě - in a house, o muži - about a man, v městě - in a city, na poli - in a field)
- Singular Feminine: Common endings include -e or -i. (e.g., na řece - on a river, o sestře - about a sister, na zemi - on the earth)
- Plural (all genders): Often ends in -ech (masculine/neuter hard), -ích (masculine/neuter soft, feminine hard/soft). (e.g., v domech - in houses, o mužích - about men, v městech - in cities, na řekách - on rivers, o zemích - about lands)
Adjectives:
- Singular Masculine/Neuter: hard -ém, soft -ím. (e.g., v dobrém domě - in a good house, o jarním dni - about a spring day)
- Singular Feminine: hard -é, soft -í. (e.g., na dobré řece - on a good river, o jarní květině - about a spring flower)
- Plural (all genders): hard -ých, soft -ích. (e.g., v dobrých domech - in good houses, o jarních květinách - about spring flowers)
Examples: Moje kniha je na stole (My book is on the table). Mluvíme o našem domě (We are talking about our house). Oni žijí ve velkém městě (They live in a big city). Děti si hrají na dvorech (Children are playing in the yards).