Drinks

The Genitive Case: Possession, Absence, and More

The Genitive case indicates possession (like 'of' or 's), absence (with bez - without), origin (with iz - from), or location near/possession ('at' or 'have' with u). Its main role is showing belonging or relation, or being required by certain prepositions.

• Nouns:

  • Singular Masc/Neuter: hard/soft -a. (e.g., dom brata - brother's house, kniga učitelja - teacher's book, okno sela - village window, cvětok polja - field flower)
  • Singular Feminine: hard -y or -i, soft -i. (e.g., kniga sestry - sister's book, golos zemji - voice of the land)
  • Plural (all genders): Varies, often -ov (masc hard), -ev (masc soft), or a zero ending (feminine, neuter, some masc). (e.g., dom bratov - brothers' house, kniga učiteljev - teachers' book, kniga žen∅ - women's book, okno sel∅ - village windows, cvětky poljev - field flowers)

• Adjectives:

  • Singular (all genders): hard -ogo, soft -ego. (e.g., dom dobrogo brata - house of a good brother, kniga novoj učitelky - book of a new teacher, okno svěžego sela - window of a fresh village)
  • Plural (all genders): hard/soft -yh/-ih. (e.g., dom dobryh bratov - house of good brothers, kniga svěžih učiteljev - book of new teachers)

• Prepositions: Used after bez (without), iz (from), u (at/by/have), and others like do (to/until), ot (from).

• Examples: To jest rabota mojego otca (This is my father's work). Ja jesm iz grada (I am from the city). U mně jest časovnik (I have a watch - literally "At me there is a watch"). Oni jedut bez vody (They are going without water). Viděl jesm mnogo krasnyh žen (I saw many beautiful women).