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The Proper Accusative Case: The Direct Object

The Accusative case is the case of the direct object, indicating the person or thing directly affected by the verb's action (e.g., "I see him", "She reads a book"). Its forms depend on gender, number, and whether a masculine noun is animate (living) or inanimate (non-living).

• Nouns:

  • Singular Masculine Inanimate/Neuter: Same as Nominative (consonant/-о/-е). (e.g., Виджу град - I see a city, Виджу село - I see a village)
  • Singular Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive (-а). (e.g., Виджу отця - I see a father, Виджу мужа - I see a man)
  • Singular Feminine: ending -у / -ю. (e.g., Виджу книгу - I see a book, Виджу землю - I see land)
  • Plural Masculine Inanimate/Feminine/Neuter: Same as Nominative Plural (various endings: -ы, -і, -а, -я). (e.g., Виджу грады - I see cities, Виджу книгы - I see books, Виджу села - I see villages)
  • Plural Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive Plural (-ов/-ев). (e.g., Виджу отцїв - I see fathers, Виджу мужїв - I see men)

• Adjectives: Follow the rules of the noun they modify. Hard stem adjectives use hard endings, soft stem adjectives use soft endings.

  • Singular Masculine Inanimate/Neuter: Same as Nominative Sg (hard -ый/-е, soft -ий/-є). (e.g., Виджу старый град - I see an old city, Виджу синє море - I see a blue sea)
  • Singular Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive Sg (hard -ого / -ого, soft -ого / -ього). (e.g., Виджу старого отця - I see an old father, Виджу синього мужа - I see a blue man)
  • Singular Feminine: hard -у / -у, soft -ю / -ю. (e.g., Виджу нову книгу - I see a new book, Виджу синю жену - I see a blue woman)
  • Plural Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive Plural (hard -ых / -ых, soft -их / -ых). (e.g., Виджу старых отцїв - I see old fathers, Виджу синіх мужїв - I see blue men)

• Examples: Я читаю интересну книгу (I am reading an interesting book). Вон видит свого отця (He sees his father). Мы купуєме нове авто (We are buying a new car).