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The Proper Accusative Case: The Direct Object

The Accusative case is the case of the direct object, indicating the person or thing directly affected by the verb's action (e.g., "I see him", "She reads a book"). Its forms depend on gender, number, and whether a masculine noun is animate (living) or inanimate (non-living).

• Nouns:

  • Singular Masculine Inanimate/Neuter: Same as Nominative (consonant/-o/-e). (e.g., Видим град - I see a city, Видим село - I see a village)
  • Singular Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive (-а). (e.g., Видим оца - I see a father, Видим мушкарца - I see a man)
  • Singular Feminine: ending -у. (e.g., Видим књигу - I see a book, Видим земљу - I see the earth)
  • Plural Masculine Inanimate/Feminine/Neuter: Same as Nominative Plural (various endings: -и, -е, -а). (e.g., Видим градове - I see cities, Видим књиге - I see books, Видим села - I see villages)
  • Plural Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive Plural (-а). (e.g., Видим очева - I see fathers, Видим мушкараца - I see men)

• Adjectives: Follow the rules of the noun they modify. Hard stem adjectives use hard endings, soft stem adjectives use soft endings.

  • Singular Masculine Inanimate/Neuter: Same as Nominative Singular (hard -ар/-а/-о, soft -и/-а/-о). (e.g., Видим стари град - I see an old city, Видим тихо море - I see a quiet sea)
  • Singular Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive Singular (hard -ог(а), soft -ег(а)). (e.g., Видим старог(а) оца - I see an old father, Видим тихог(а) човека - I see a quiet person)
  • Singular Feminine: ending -у. (e.g., Видим нову књигу - I see a new book, Видим тиху жену - I see a quiet woman)
  • Plural Masculine Animate: Same as Genitive Plural (hard -их, soft -их). (e.g., Видим старих очева - I see old fathers, Видим тихим људима - I see quiet people)

• Examples: Ја читам занимљиву књигу (I am reading an interesting book). Он види свог оца (He sees his father). Ми купујемо нов ауто (We are buying a new car).