Basic Accusative and Locative (Singular Only)
Let's start with a simplified look at two more cases in the singular. The Accusative case often marks the direct object (koho or čo receives the action). The Locative case is used for location after prepositions like na (on) or v (in). For now, let's just see how simple singular nouns change (adjectives also change, but we'll keep it very basic here).
Accusative (Singular):
- Masculine Inanimate & Neuter: Look like the Nominative. (e.g., Vidím hrad - I see a castle, Vidím mesto - I see a city)
- Masculine Animate: Look like the Genitive (-a). (e.g., Vidím otca - I see a father)
- Feminine: End in -u. (e.g., Vidím ženu - I see a woman, Vidím knihu - I see a book)
Locative with 'na/v' (Singular):
- Masculine/Neuter: Ends in -e or -u. (e.g., na stole - on a table, v meste - in a city, na poli - in a field)
- Feminine: Ends in -e or -i. (e.g., na rieke - on a river, v zemi - in the earth)
Examples: Čítam knihu (I am reading a book). Sedíme na stole (We are sitting on a table).