Basic Accusative and Locative (Singular Only)
Let's start with a simplified look at two more cases in the singular. The Accusative case often marks the direct object (koho or što receives the action). The Locative case is used for location after prepositions like na (on) or w (in). For now, let's just see how simple singular nouns change (adjectives also change but let's keep it very basic here).
Accusative (Singular):
- Masculine Inanimate & Neuter: Look like the Nominative. (e.g., Widźu hród - I see a castle, Widźu město - I see a city)
- Masculine Animate: Look like the Genitive (-a). (e.g., Widźu wojca - I see a father)
- Feminine: Ending -u (hard) / -u (soft). (e.g., Widźu žonu - I see a woman, Widźu knihu - I see a book)
Locative with 'na/w' (Singular):
- Masculine/Neuter: Ends in -u. (e.g., na stole - on a table, w měsće - in a city, na polu - in a field)
- Feminine: Ends in -e or -i. (e.g., na rěce - on a river, w zemi - in the earth)
Examples: Čitam knihu (I am reading a book). Sedźimy na stole (We are sitting on a table).