The Simple Past Tense
Talking about actions that happened and finished in the past uses the simple past tense. In Kashubian, this is often formed using the past participle of the verb (ending in -ł for masculine singular, -ła for feminine singular, -ło for neuter singular, and -lë for plural) combined with the present tense of the auxiliary verb miec (to have) or sometimes bëc (to be), depending on the verb and dialect.
- Formation (common with 'miec'): Present of 'miec' (jô móm, të môsz, òn/òna/òno mô, më môme, wë môce, òni/òne mają) + Past participle (-ł/-ła/-ło/-lë).
- Formation (with 'bëc' for some verbs of motion/state): Present of 'bëc' (jô jãm, të jãsz, òn/òna/òno je, më jãmë, wë jãce, òni/òne sã) + Past participle (-ł/-ła/-ło/-lë).
- Examples (with miec): Westerdô jô móm robił (masc.) (Yesterday I worked). Westerdô òna mô robiła (fem.) (Yesterday she worked). Më môme widzelë film (We saw a film). Òni mają przëszlë pózdze (They arrived late).