The Proper Locative Case: Location and Topic
The Locative case (Prepositional) specifies location ('in', 'on', 'at') or the topic of discussion ('about'). It is unique because it is always used with a preposition, such as w (in), na (on), or wó (about).
Nouns: Endings vary based on gender, number, and hard/soft stem.
- Singular Masculine/Neuter: Ending -e or -u. (e.g., w domje - in a house, wó cłowjeku - about a person, w měste - in a city, na pólu - in a field)
- Singular Feminine: Common ending is -e. (e.g., na rěke - on a river, wó sotše - about a sister, na zemji - on the earth)
- Plural (all genders): Often ends in -ach / -jach (hard/soft). (e.g., w domach - in houses, wó luźach - about people, w městach - in cities, na rěkach - on rivers)
Adjectives:
- Singular Masculine/Neuter: ending -ym (hard) / -im (soft). (e.g., w dobrym domje - in a good house, wó něžnim cłowjeku - about a tender person)
- Singular Feminine: ending -ej. (e.g., na dobrej rěke - on a good river, wó něžnej žonje - about a tender woman)
- Plural (all genders): hard -ych, soft -ich. (e.g., w dobrych domach - in good houses, wó něžnych luźach - about tender people)
Examples: Moja knigła na stolu (My book is on the table). Smy powědamy wó našom domu (We are talking about our house). Wóni bydli w wjelikem městje (They live in a big city). Źiśi graju na dworach (Children are playing in the yards).