Basic Accusative and Locative (Singular Only)
Let's begin with a simplified look at two more cases in the singular. The Accusative case often marks the direct object (who or what receives the action). The Locative case is used for location after prepositions like na (on) or w (in). For now, let's just see how simple singular nouns change (adjectives also change, but we'll keep it very basic here).
Accusative (Singular):
- Masculine Inanimate & Neuter: Look like the Nominative. (e.g., Widzę dom - I see a house, Widzę miasto - I see a city)
- Feminine: End in -ę. (e.g., Widzę kobietę - I see a woman, Widzę książkę - I see a book)
Locative with 'na/w' (Singular):
- Masculine/Neuter: Ends in -e or -u. (e.g., na stole - on a table, w mieście - in a city, na polu - in a field)
- Feminine: Often end in -e or -i (after a soft consonant). (e.g., na rzece - on a river, w ziemi - in the earth, w szkole - in a school)
Examples: Czytam książkę (I am reading a book). Siedzimy na stole (We are sitting on a table).