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Basic Accusative and Locative (Singular Only)

Let's begin with a simplified look at two more cases in the singular. The Accusative case often marks the direct object (who or what receives the action). The Locative case (also called Miejscownik) is used for location after prepositions like na (on) or we (in). For now, let's just see how simple singular nouns change (adjectives also change, but we'll keep it very basic here).

  • Accusative (Singular):

    • Masculine Inanimate & Neuter: Look like the Nominative. (e.g., Widza stół - I see a table, Widza pole - I see a field)
    • Masculine Animate: Look like the Genitive (-a). (e.g., Widza ôjca - I see a father)
    • Feminine: End in -a (hard) / -io (soft). (e.g., Widza babã - I see a woman, Widza ziymiã - I see land)
  • Locative (Miejscownik) with 'na/we' (Singular):

    • Masculine/Neuter: Ends in -u. (e.g., na stole - on a table, we polu - in a field)
    • Feminine: Often end in -e or -i. (e.g., na rzyce - on a river, na ziymi - on land)
  • Examples: Czytóm ksiůnżka (I am reading a book - Accusative feminine ending). Siedzymy na stole (We are sitting on a table).